Sunday, October 6, 2019

Blog #13: Radon, Carbon Monoxide, and Formaldehyde


To develop a national radon awareness campaign, it would be ideal to involve a large nursing organization such as the American Nurses Association (ANA), in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Nursing professionals with extensive knowledge about lung cancer, perhaps oncology nurses that are involved with the ANA, could work in collaboration with experts at the EPA and CDC to develop a nationwide awareness campaign to alert citizens about the dangers of radon, potential for exposure, and how to test their homes and reduce risk. Ideally, internet ads and television ads could be produced to reach the largest audience possible.

To incorporate carbon monoxide exposure into patient assessments we as nursing professionals must first obtain an adequate history to determine the level of risk for each patient. We must gather information regarding home environment, including types of appliances and whether adequate ventilation is present and used properly. Other potential for exposure may include working with power tools or cars or using an indoor fireplace. Recognition of symptoms of carbon monoxide exposure is also crucial. We must be able to recognize that vague symptoms like dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting may be potentially linked to carbon monoxide exposure, and this must be on our differential. With suspected exposure, it is important to include a neurological exam with assessment of cognitive function to determine if there has been acute exposure. Labs may also be drawn to determine carbon monoxide levels in the blood. There are also CO-oximeters available for point of care measurement.

My home is filled with VOCs, and before starting this class, I had never before considered the potential dangers. I have a collection of perfumes on my dresser, candles and plug-in scent diffusers from Bath and Body Works galore, and a number of household cleaners that are pretty heavy duty. My Kaboom bathroom cleaner makes me cough every time I use it, and I imagine my body trying to protect me from the toxic fumes. I also use bleach cleaners in my bathroom and kitchen to help prevent and destroy any mold. I have always been afraid of mold, but I really should be just as afraid of the chemicals I’m using to kill it! At work I am exposed to the air fresheners in the bathroom that are sprayed periodically, pesticides that were recently used for our ant problem, and a number of cleaning products that are used in the bathroom every day. My company has a fragrance-free policy, but air fresheners in the bathroom are still used. I imagine we could have this changed if enough people voiced their concerns about exposure. As a group, my fellow employees and I may be able to effect policy change to require cleaning companies to use safer products. We could also open windows whenever possible to ventilate out some of the VOCs floating around in our inside environment.

I would strongly advise any patient, pregnant or not, to avoid hair straighteners and any other products that contain formaldehyde due to the risk of cancer. Informing patients about other risks, such as respiratory irritation and eye irritation, is also important and may help deter some from using these harmful products. Companies manufacture these products as “safe”, but studies prove otherwise. Patients must be made aware of the fact that the products they are putting on their hair and scalps may contain harmful chemicals, particularly formaldehyde, even if companies state otherwise. Although I would advise all patients to avoid these products, I would be most concerned about pregnant women due to possible risks to the fetus from formaldehyde exposure. According to the CDC, researchers are still unsure whether formaldehyde can cause miscarriages, and they still do not know for certain what levels of exposure, if any, are safe. The safest route is avoidance. Most mothers-to-be will not be willing to take those chances.


A recent article out of Houston reports about a family that was rushed to the hospital due to carbon monoxide poisoning. Investigators were trying to find the source of CO and determined that the likely source was a car that was left running in a closed garage below the family’s condo. Although the family was not using any appliances within the home, and they were not in the garage next to the direct source, they still suffered serious consequences. Fortunately they survived since exposure to high amounts of CO can be deadly. Because the entire family was exposed to high amounts of CO, I would guess that they did not have functioning CO detectors in their home. This is why it is so important to ensure these types of precautions are in place and checked periodically.

2 comments:

  1. Hi Missy, I shared with our Cancer Committee that January was National Radon Awareness month and hoped that they would adopt this idea for 2020 projects. Many providers were unaware that radon exposure is the #2 cause of Lung Cancer and it's 100% preventable. These members loved the idea since were are a lung cancer screening site and are putting together a plan to roll-out the program to all four hospital affiliates in January. We don't think much about radon in California because we don't really have many basements, but some homes have well water. The primary exposure routes are inhalation and ingestion. Radon also costs the U.S. billions of dollars each year in both direct and indirect health care costs. Testing is the only way to know your home's radon levels. I requested that our hospital provide the low-cost radon test kits to patients visiting the cancer center, so that we can reach out to communities who may not have access to this great information.

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  2. Formaldehyde is a really harmful chemical, so much that the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified formaldehyde as a human carcinogen. They mentioned that individuals expose to this chemical increased risk of leukemia and brain cancer compared with the general population.
    https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet#how-is-the-general-population-exposed-to-formaldehyde

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